Sleeve-valve engine



5 Sheets-She s. J. BLUMENTHAL SLEEVE VALVE ENGINE 'Filed April e, 1926 May 29, i928,

hitented May 29, 1928.

i The SAIUEL JOSEPH ZBLUMENTHAL, OFBRGOKLYN,

' .Application mea April e,

present invention relat ref/1,271

TES PATENT OFFlCE.-

New Yoan SLEEVE-VALVE ENGINE.

es to internal combustion engines of the kind in which a is employed to control the opening sleeve and closing of the valve ports Engines have been constructed provided withV one or two Ysuch sleeves the cylinder wall and piston and prowith independent .operating means.

tween vided ln such engine erally ward the head of the of two-cycle engines the cylinder.

It `will be un ports are arranged cylinder, such -as res ing it arrangedy in cylinder,

numerous diiiiculties of the engine.

arranged bes, however, the ports are genthe usual positions, to-

the case toward the bottom of or in deistood that when the valve in a limited area of the are met with,

triction of valve passages makdiiiicult in the case of high lspeed engines to inject suiiicient fuel the very short space of time during der in which heating of the exhaust port owing expelled through the same hot gases being ed heating also ten port, this localiz of the cylinder` and sleeves the exhaust valve.

lve engines employing the further difficulties are Calls@ and burning of In sleeve va usual niet with owing to the necessity ly accurate finishing of the sleeves of maintaining a sutlicient flow of the inlet valve is open,

warping two sleeves,

into the cylinand excessive to all the ding 'to for extremeand the se ditlicu ties are of diiiiculty lubricant between them owin to excessive local heating. The

course much aggravated in the case of twofstroke gas with the resu sible to avoid over except engines in which engines the cylinder is practically continuously full of burning lt that it is `almost imposheating of these engines under the most favorable conditions,

this over heating resulting in struction of sparking plugs valves valve and rapi engines .ranged between the cylinder that the sleeves are nece relativelyv `little the result thatany seizing of to unequal expansion or seizmetal strength with the' sleeve due and the rapid deand exhaust d wear of the cylinder. A still further disadvantage of the sleeve in which the sleeves are arand piston is ssarily of very thin mechanical,

f ing due to burning of the lubricant between the sie eves or any other cause,

results in destruction or very severe injury of the sleeves and theinoperating mechanism.

The general object of the invention is to provide" a sl will a t once avoid the draw eeve valve construction which -backs of the 192s. serial in. 100,041.

known type of sleeve valve engines and also improve` the performance characteristics of internall combustion engines. further 'object provide an en 'ne in nism is consi erabl simpliied. l

A still further ogject of the invention `is to provide both four stroke yand twostroke engines having sleeve controlled ports of a novel character. y

The invention specifically consists in the provision of an internal combustion engine having ports arranged substantially throughout the working aceof lthe cylinder wall, these ports being controlled by a simple and rugged sleeve valve carried by the piston.

Further objects and features tion will hereinafter appear in specification.

In the specification and drawings various forms of engine constructed according to my invention are illustrated and described; but thesev constructions of engines are chosen merely by way of example and are not intended in any Way to delimitthescope 0f the invention which is clearly defined in the appended claims.

Numerous modifications of the invention will readily occur to those skilled in the art and the constructions of engine described have been chosen merely to illustrate the apot the invention lis to which the valve mecha-A .o the inventhe appended plication of the invention to types of enl of Fig. 3. i

Figure 5 is a detail view showing a preferred construction of pressure retaining ring employed to maintain a gas tight seal between the sleeve and the cylinder wall.

yFigures 6, 7 and 8 are fragmental views of the developed cylinder and sleeve surfaces of the engines shown in Figs. 1 and 2 showing the relative positiony of the ports and sleeves at the important points in the cycle of operation;

lill

Figure l2 is a detail view showing thev operating means for the sleeve of the engine shown in Fig. 1l.

Similar'num'erals indicate similar parts in the various views.

Referring' to Figs, l and 2 l indicates the cylinder wall and 2 the Water jacket cast integral with said cylinder Wall in the usual manner. 3 indicates a detachable cyllinder head provided with cooling- Water channels 4, 4a beingthe point of connection to the radiator. Owing to the depthl of the cylinder head, the Water circulation is preferably effected b force pump but in order vto simplify the rawings the cooling system is n ot illustrated since this may be of any Well known kind. Preferably cooling Water enters toward the bottom of the Water jacket and leaves at the cylinder lhead.

. In the two-stroke engine illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 a single sleeve 5 is employed to control the opening of all valve ports, this sleeve in the construction of engine illustrated being merely a tube mounted by screws upon the piston 6. The exhaust ports 7 Aof the engine are formed in the cylinder wall -in four equi-distantly spaced series each arranged on a spiral line throughout the height and extending round one-quarter of the circumference of the cylinder. .Further valve openings 8 are provided for the .introduction of combustible mixture, and

openings 9 for the entry of the scavenging blast compressed in the crank case by the vmethod usual, in this type` ot' engine. Corresponding openings 'l' adapted to register With the exhaust port openings 7, 8 adapted to register with the combustible port 8 and 9 adapted to register with the scavenging air ports 9 are formed in the sleeve titi lllhile various valve settings may be arranged lor, a particular valve setting1 will be given hereafter merely by tray el eknmple.

'lllhe spacing oita the openings in the sleeve cylinder Wall is auch the enhaust parte begin to open ein l celere lower dead center, are i'ull open et' "oi-ver dead center and shut at l? after loi l The 'ecavengingeirports@ l e .lc-Wer al: @t

center and shu arf-52 i. lower dead center. The cor iustible mixture port epene leerer t l enter charge taking lace at substantially the top dead center. n opening l() is formed in the cylinderwall into which the spark plug is screwed and a corresponding opening, 10, is formed in the sleeve 5 and adapted to eX- pose said opening 10.

It will .be at once realized that the valve area provided by `the construction just de; scribed is many times largerthan that possible in the known type offengine either puppet or sleeve Valve nd this results in a much better performance than that of the engine oi known type for the following reasons:

The exhaustV is free to leave throughout vthe height of the cylinder through a very much larger port area. lThis not only makes for a complete exhaustion of the cylinders in a much shorter length of time but also for more equal temperature distribution throu hout the cylinder Wall while the equally ist-ributed scavenging air is calculated to act eliectively to cause more thorough expulsion of the burned gases while the spark plug is protected `from all but a small portionof the heat of the explosion. As a` result of the thorough expulsion of the burnedgases and free entry of the scavenging air from all sides of the cylinder, the exhaust ports close on pure air into which a charge of very rich gas is injected, all ports subsequently closing during the remainder of the compression stroke until the opening `of the chamber in which the spark plug is mounted. Ou the downward movement oi the sleeve, the inlet or mixture port 8 is of course opened but by the use oi' a puppet valve 1]. controlling the inlet of the mixture, the conllbustion chamber is maintained closed. Thls puppet valve construction will now be described:

rl`he function of the mixture chamber .12'

is to supply a quantity of very rich mixture and for th1s reason a special construction 1s illustrated calculated to supply a mixture of the character desired. The chamber comprises two halves Aof which the. lower is- .member le is termed i a tlange 193 adapted to abn' inst th rop ila ce et the .a all' et the valve casing and is placed lovver J the et the holes lol) lll

loll

nemen for the screwsholding the two halves of the valve casing together, suiicient play being provided for in the apertures thus formed in the iange 19 to enable thevalve casing `to be taken apart' and thevalve seat readily removed from; or placed in position `without interfering with the screwing up of the two halves of the casing. The member-18 also comprises a seat 20 adapted to receive asubstaut-ially conical member 'formed of several layers of wire gauze 2l held in `position by a trame 21 positioned in arecess 22 turned in the inner face of the member 18. Apertures 23 are 'formed around the outer periphery ot the member 18 and a dependent skirt 23EL is formed on said member to tit over an upstanding flange 24 formed on the bottom of the lower half of the valve casing. An aperture 25 enables air romthe pipe 26 to pass through the bottom of the lower half of the casingbetween the skirt 23 and llange 24 passing through and vaporizing any gasoline that might have collected in `the bottom of the chamber. The upper part of the casing comprises a gasoline feeding pipe 27v provided with holes through which gasoline is adapted to be squirted on to the wire ygauze 2li. The upper partpf the valve casing also provides a housing vfor the spring 29 serving* to lhold the puppet valve y11 yon its seat. against a disc 30 seated on an upstanding bearing 31 supported by a spider 32 formed integral with the member 18 while at its Vupperend the spring bears against a dished washer held in position by a key passing through `the valve stern. A tappet plate 34 is mounted upon the threaded end of. the valve stem and serves to enable any necessary adjustment for wear to be made'by being screwedup or down said' valve stern. |lhe valve is operated by valve mechanism of a knownikind including an operating lever A35 pivoted at 36 on a bearing piece 37 boltedv to the cylinder head and also serving `to guide the valve rod 38,' the valve rod being actuated'by the cam 39 carried on the cam shaft- 40 driven atengine speed by the chain 41 running on cham wheels carried at the forward end of the engine shaft. Gasoline isi supplied to the valve chamber by means oit a plunger operated pump oper-V ated by the valve rod by' means of a pin 42 mounted on this rod engaging a lever 42 one end of whichengages a plunger 43a of a small pump and the other end otwhich is mounted on an adjustable abutment by means of which the setting of the pump delivery limits may be adjusted. The richness et the mixture and the amount thereof delivered past the valve 11 is governed by cock 43 in the high pressure pipe 44 which serves to by pass the gasoline when it is desired to keep down the ramount delivered to the mixing chamber l2.

This spring bears- `sides of the air pipe 56. Air,

rlhe exhaust is carried away by the exhaust Amanilold arranged to surround the cylinder but is not illustrated since no par-a ticular novelty resides therein, this mani- ,fold being of any form suitable for the pursor 52 chain driven from the camshaft 40. l

Any suitable means to prevent excessive pressure in the pipe line when the valve 46 is set to deliver a small quantity of air to the valve casing may be provided, for instance the shutting down of the pipe line by said valve could be arranged to open an orifice venting the compressed air to the atmosphere. The scavenging air is coinpressed in the crank case in the manner usual. in two stroke engines, air being sucked into the crank case on the upstroke of the piston' through the breather valve 50 and delivered through a conduit to a circular inlet conduit communicating with the scavenging ports inthe cylinder wall. The breather 4valve comprises a lightplate 53 guided on a tubular stem 54, having finsv projectingtherefrom and engaging with the on the upstroke of the piston is sucked through the orifices 57and between the plate and packing ring 59 and'through the orifice 60 into the air pipe, while on the down-stroke of the piston the increased pressure of the air is suiiicient to raise the light plate 53 into contact with the ring y59, sealing the crank, case. The weight of the moving parts, light as they are, may be further reduced by a light spring 33 arranged to beary against the under side of said plate. Any other suitable form of valve admitting air during the upstroke of the piston kmay of -'course be provided.

ln Figure 3v which shows the adaption of Amy invention to an engine of the fourstroke c cle, it will benoted thatan additional seeve -61 is employed.. This additional sleeve is of course necessitated by the need of keeping closed the exhaust ports 62 of the engine during the compression' and explosion strokes. The sleeve 61 is moved first in one directionto open the exhaust ports 62 and then in the opposite direction to close the exhaust ports. A separate sleeve 61'* may be utilized to control the inlet ports 62 which are shown as interrupted by a solid portion serving to reinforce the sleeve (Fig. 3), but of course it will be understood that with a diderent arrangement of ports, for instance as arranged in Fig. 1l, both inlet and exhaust ports could be con trolled by a single additional sleeveU Any Btl l-IU

suitable mechanism may be employed to operate the sleeves, that illustrated in Fig. 3 is oscillated by means comprising a cam 63 mounted on a half-time shaft 64 which is driven in any suitablefway from the crank shaft, co-operating with a rock shaft 65. A valve operating ar`m 66 is mounted fast upon the rock shaft 65 and extends downwardly and engages by a slot 67 in its lower end a pin 68 projecting from a slide 69. The sleeve 61 is supported in position in the cylinder by means ofthe positioning ring 70 detacliably secured to thecylinder Wall, as

for instance bybeiner screwed thereto. The

slide 69 is supporte `by an extension 7.1of the crank case and reciprocates in a slot formed in the lower, half of a portion of the positioning ring 70. It will be realized that only a small portion of the ring need be removed in order to enable the slide to under- /lie the additional sleeve in position to engage said sleeve .by means of a finger piece 72 carried by said slide andprojecting into a recess 73 formed iii the strengthening flange 75 arranged around the lower eX- tremity of the sleeve 61. The -finger piece 72 engages the strengthening flange by means of a roller 72. The actuating arm 66 engages the cam 63 through a roller 76 and is pressed against said cam by means of a tension spring 77 connected at one end to an arm 78 fast on the shaft 65 and at the other end to a stud screwed into the water jacket. It'will be realized that this construction causes positive actuation of the slide in both directions and oscillation of the sleeve 61, the cam 63 serving to move the slide in one direction and the spring 77 serving to move the slide in the opposite direction. In Fig. 3 a single cylinder construction is shown by way of example, lout` this construction of engine is readily adaptable to block construction, each cylinder unit being provided `with av separate operating slide of the kind described and cam slide Vactuating means of the' kind described. the

cams being mounted on a common cam shaft 64 extending along the several cylinders. In Fig. 3 this cam shaft has been arranged parallel to the diameter of the crank case merely for purposes of illustration.

The separate sleeve 61n shown iii Fig. 3 may be operated in any suitable manner, for

Vinstance in a block construction by a separate cam shaft and slide operating arms.

These operating means have iiot been shown fording a maximum period during which the ports remain open, whereas in a continuous rotational movementA the opening and closing of the ports would occur uniformly and full opening would, therefore, be relatively ofshort duration, though possibly b making the ports in 'the cylinder wider t an those in the sleeve or vice versa a satisfactory opening of the ports for a particular engine may be obtainable.

In Fig. 5 isl illustrated a preferred form of sleeve which may be utilized in any of the constructions of engine herein described. The feature of this sleeve construction is that the gasv retaining seal between the sleeve and cylinder wall oi` surface of another sleeve is improved. This effect is obtained by forming the sleeve with raised portions. Owing to the relatively deep ports preferably utilized. it would be generally prefer- .1

ableto cast the sleeve with these raised portions, though, ofcourse, in certain cases it might be preferred to use a deep ring fitting in a groove turned in the sleeve in the Inanner usual with ther relatively narrow piston rings found in gas engines. While the raised portions may be formed separately, I prefer to employ the construction illustrat ed in Fig. 5 in which the raised portions are formed as a continuous ring, since the upper and lower parts 79 of the raised portion acting to seal the top and bottom of the ports which portions are continuous between ports on the saine horizontal line, and serve as a pressure retaining ring preventing passage'of the gases from the cylinder space into the crank case. The raised portionbetween the parts 80 acting y to seal the vertical edges of the ports may he reduced in thickness to provide a thickness of metal uniform with those parts of the sleeve not provided with the raised portions or sealing rings.

In Figs. 6. 7 and 8 full lines indicate the ports formed in the sleeve of the engine shown in the construction of engine in Figs. 1. E2 and 10, while dotted lines indicate the ports formed in the cylinder wall abovepthe level of the top of the cylinder in the particular position shown in the respective figures.` Three positions of the sleeve are shown in order to make clear the opening movement of the ports. i

In Fig. 6 which shows the position of the sleeve at the moment of firing. all ports are closed except that the opening 10 (Fig. Q) is exposing thespark plug points. In this figure a fragmental portion of the sleeve is shown extending from the plug port 10 toward the center of the cylinder.

In Fig. 7 is shown the port opening at lower dead center, the figure showing a fragment of vthe sleeve taken on the center line of the view shown in Fig. 2. It will be observed that both the scavenging ports 9 Sii Sli)

as l

lll)

' ports when the crank pinvcenterr reaches ai and exhaust ports 7 are fully (open. `Since the exhaust ports 7 commence to open 221/2o 'before the scavenging ports 9, the pressure in the cylinder will be much: reduced before the opening of the scavenging portsy and the entry of the air compressed' in the crank case.

In Fig. 8 is shown the position of the point after lower dead center. In this position ports 7 have just closed while the ports for the inlet of therich mixture are about to open. These ports are so proportioned as to remain open approximately .during the movement of the crank pin center through a further 45 after which the inlet. port 8 remains closed. At approximately top dead center the tiring point is reached.

In Fig. 9 is shown an enlarged view of the port arrangement of the engine construction shown in Fig. 11, i. e. one in which a single rotating sleeve is employed to control both inlet and exhaust orts. It will be seen that the ports vin thel eeve are arranged so that inlet and exhaust lie in the same vertical ell) line, While in the cylinder Wall the exhaust ports are placed on a vertical line spaced sulliciently from that of the inlet port to enable the sleeve ports to rest on solid metal during the compression and explosion strokes, the cam operating the sleeve as shown in ig. 12 being designed to move the sleeve two port spaces in one direction; for instance to the exhaust open position and then allowing the sleeve to return one space to all ports closed position and then through a further space to inlet open position.

In Fig. 10 a light form o two-stroke engine embodying my invention is shown. For the sake of lightness, only the working face of the cylinder is Water cooled by a jacket of minimum proportions, While the head of the cylinderv is cooled by a Water jacket connected to that of the cylinder by means of a pipe 104; The upstanding member of the cylinder head provided to house the sleeve 83 when in raised position is provided withl cooling tins 105 to aid in radiating Whatever heat may reach this cylinder head by y conduction. It will be seen that the general port arrangement of the engine shown in Figs. 1 and 2 is retained, but that the puppet valve acting to close the rich mixture inlet during the working stroke is controlled by a light sleeve valve 8', to accommodate which a portion of the cylinder is formed of greater diameter than the external diameter of the main sleeve valve. The sleeve valve 8' may be operated by any suitable means. A convenient method of accomplishing this movement may be as illustrated by means of the cam 84 on the cam shaftl 82 and L- lever 85. The end 86 of this lever is formed to receive a small sliding block 87 which receives a pin it will be seen that the exhaust tion, namely ,a throughout the assing through a vertical slot 88 in the cy inder and screwing into the sleeve 81 which should be long enough to close', or be furnished with an extension closing, the slot 88 in orderl to enable 'the crank case to be used as a compression chamber.

` Since the drawing is intended merely for purposes of illustration, the proplortions are not to be taken as accurately s owing the proportion of the engine.

E 'In Fig. 11 a form of engine is shownv having the characteristic feature of my invenseries of ports extending height of the working face of the cylinder, but in place of a reciprocating sleeve or a reciprocating sleeve combined with a rotating or revolving sleeve, a single revolving sleeve is arranged to control all the `valve ports. The engine is designed to -work onthe l-stroke cycle and is ot' medium weight, the general layout being one suitable for standard production such as for use 1n the automobile trade. It will be observed that the construction provides a neat. and simple engine of sturdy design. A single sleeve 89 is supported on a ring 90 Which may be provided with the thread turned' in the lower end of the cylinder casting. Actuation of the sleeve 1n the construction illustrated may be simply and ell'ectively obtained by means of a cam 92 mounted on a cam shaft'93 and rec1procating rod 94, Fig. 12. Rod 94 may be reciprocated direct from the cam, but preferably as shown through the intermediary of a lever 95 serving to amplify the throw of the cam. A pin 96 projects from the rod 95 and enga-ges in a slot in alug (Fig. 12) screwed or otherwise astenedifto the sleeve 89. In the construction shown, the piston 98 is' of the slipper type, the cutaway portion enabling a shorter sleeve to be utilized in that the recess soformed pro-A vides a clearance for the inner end of the lug 97. 99 indicates a carburetter of any ordinary ory suitable type, and 100 Aa common exhaust manifold for the cylinders. In this form of engine the exhaust ports open into a common exhaust passage 101 and the inlet ports 8 communicate with a common inlet conduit 102, 103 being a watery jacket surrounding and enclosing the whole upper portion o't' the cylinder. By reference to the port diagram in ig. 9, it will be observed that the exhaust ports occupy roughly onethird of the surface ot the cylinder wall, leaving roughly rather less than two-thirds of the wall to be cooled.

Throughout the various constructions, 1t is pointed out that only approximate proportions are shown and no attempt to provide accurate working drawings has been made. By this statement I intend to make clear that the drawings are designed to illustrate various embodiments of my invention in a thread 91 engaging,

llll) lll engines of widely diierent type and in order to show the wide applicability of my invention the engines chosen are one suitable for heavy stationary work4 (Figs. 1 and 2) another of medium weight (Figs. 3 and 4) a light weight high speed engine suitable for air planes'or racing cars (Fig. 1,0), and a medium duty, simple design suitable for use in automobiles (Fig. 11).

Owing to the port construction which com rises a ertures adapted to overlie one anot er, car on can-be removed from thetop of the cylinder or` combustion space very readily by inserting scraper tools throug i by the scopelof the appended claims.

What I claim is 1. A sleeve valve engine comprising a cylinder, conduits for the fluid communicating with the interior of said cylinder 'through a plurality 'of ports arranged at spaced points throughout both the height and circumference of the face of that portion of said cylinder in which combustion occurs, a piston within said cylinder, sleeve valve means carried by the piston and provided with openings ada ted to register with said ports'ln the cylin er wall at predetermined points in the travel of the piston,

and means for supplying working fluid to `said cylinder.

2. A sleeve valve engine comprising a cylinder, conduits for the passage of working fluid communicating with the interior of said cylinder through a plurality of ports throughout the height and circumference of the face of that portion of said cylinder in which combustion occurs, a piston within said cylinder, sleeve valve means carried by the piston and provided with openings adapted to register with said ports in the cylinder wall at predetermined points in the travel of the piston, said portsicomprising exhaust and inlet openings, and means for supplying working fluid to said cylinder.

3. A sleeve valve engine comprising a cylinder, conduits for the passage Iof working fluid communicating with the `interior of said cylinder through a plurality of ports arranged throughout the height and circumference of the face of that portion of said cylinder in which combustion occurs, a. piston within said cylinder, sleeve valve means assage of Working carried by the piston and provided with openings adapted to register with said ports in the cylinderv wall at predetermined points in the travel of the piston, having the exhaust ports arranged substantially throughout the height and circumference of the arranged throughout the height and cir. 'cumference of the face of that portion of said cylinder in which combustion occurs, a piston within saidcylinder, sleeve valve means carried by the piston, and provided with openings adapted to register with said ports in the cylinder wall at predetermined points in the travel of the piston, said ports comprising exhaust and inlet ports and ports for the admission of additional gaseous medium, and means for supplying working fluid to said cylinder.

5. A sleeve valve engine comprising a cylinder, conduits for the assage of working fluid communicating wlth the interior of said cylinder throu h a plurality of ports throughout the heig t and circumference of the face of that portion of said cylinder in ywhich combustion occurs, a piston within said cylinder, sleeve valve means carried by the lpiston and provided with openings adapted to register with said ports in the cylinder wall at predetermined points in the travel of the piston, and further valve means cooperating with said sleeve valve to control the suppl of carburetted mixture to the cylinder t rou h port openings intermediate the top and bottom of the cylinder vspace in which combustion occurs and means fo supplying working fluid to said cylin er.

6. A sleeve valve engine as claimed in claim l, having means or mixing said air with combustible -material comprising a valve casing divided 4into an upper and power portion, the lower portion serving to house a detachable valve seating unit, said detachable valve seating being provided with a frame acting to support a member of porous material upon which liquid fuel' is adapted to be sprayed, means actuated by the engine for spraying the liquid lfuel upon the said porous material, the gaseous medium entering the cylinder being caused to pass through said saturated porous materia. and 'thereby forma rich explosive mixture.

7. A sleeve valveengine comprising a cylinder, conduits for the passage of working iuid communicating with the interior of said cylinder through a plurality of ports throughout the height and circumference of the face of that portion of said cylinder in which combustion occurs, a piston within llU said cylinder, sleeve valve means carried' by the piston and provided with openings adaptedfto register with said ports in the cylinder wail atl predetermined points kin the travel of the piston, said sleeve being constructed to form a substantially gas tight seal between said sleeve and the cylinder Wall, saida gas tight seal extending around the peripher of the openings in the sleeve and means or supplying Working Huid to said cylinder.

8. A sleeve Valve engine, comprising acylinder, a plurality of ports or the introduction of scavenging a'ir 'formed in the cylinder walltoward the top of the cylinder, exhaust ports arranged symmetrically in a plurality of series arranged at successive points in the height of the Working face of the cylinder, said points extending fromthe upper end of the cylinder space toward the bottom thereof, inlet means for the carburetted arranged to register with all of said ports inthe cylinder Wall at predetermined points in the travel of the piston and further valve means cooperating 'with said sleeve valve to control the supply of carburetted mixture to the cylinder, means for supplying worlxing'fiuid to said cylinder, and common man1- fo d means for collecting the exhaust from.

a plurality of said exhaust ports arranged at dierent points in the height of the face of that portion' of the cylinder in which combustion occurs. u

In testimony whereo I aix my signature.

SAMUEL JOSEPH BLUMENTHAL. 

